Rogue waves under influence of Raman delay

Rogue waves can appear in optical fibers and other optical systems as well as in natural events like water waves. Their mathematical description is based on partial differential equations that have solutions that are localized both in time and space. One example is the "Peregrine" solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). When higher-order terms in the equation are involved, the solution becomes distorted, but its main features remain localized in space and time. Although exact solutions are not obtained in all cases, approximations that describe the solutions with reasonable accuracy do exist. Here, we consider approximate rogue wave solutions of the NLSE with an optically relevant Raman delay term.