Role of environmental factors in shaping spatial distribution of salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi, Fiji

Ruklanthi de Alwis; Conall Watson; Birgit Nikolay; John H. Lowry; Nga Tran Vu Thieu; Tan Trinh Van; Dung Tran Thi Ngoc; Kitione Rawalai; Mere Taufa; Jerimaia Coriakula; Colleen L. Lau; Eric J. Nilles; W. John Edmunds; Mike Kama; Stephen Baker; Jorge Cano

doi:10.3201/eid2402.170704

Role of environmental factors in shaping spatial distribution of salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi, Fiji

Ruklanthi de Alwis^*, Conall Watson, Birgit Nikolay, John H. Lowry, Nga Tran Vu Thieu, Tan Trinh Van, Dung Tran Thi Ngoc, Kitione Rawalai, Mere Taufa, Jerimaia Coriakula, Colleen L. Lau, Eric J. Nilles, W. John Edmunds, Mike Kama, Stephen Baker, Jorge Cano

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

13 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Fiji recently experienced a sharp increase in reported typhoid fever cases. To investigate geographic distribution and environmental risk factors associated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi infection, we conducted a cross-sectional cluster survey with associated serologic testing for Vi capsular antigen-specific antibodies (a marker for exposure to Salmonella Typhi in Fiji in 2013. Hotspots with high seroprevalence of Vi-specific antibodies were identified in northeastern mainland Fiji. Risk for Vi seropositivity increased with increased annual rainfall (odds ratio [OR] 1.26/quintile increase, 95% CI 1.12-1.42), and decreased with increased distance from major rivers and creeks (OR 0.89/km increase, 95% CI 0.80-0.99) and distance to modeled flood-risk areas (OR 0.80/quintile increase, 95% CI 0.69-0.92) after being adjusted for age, typhoid fever vaccination, and home toilet type. Risk for exposure to Salmonella Typhi and its spatial distribution in Fiji are driven by environmental factors. Our findings can directly affect typhoid fever control efforts in Fiji.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	284-293
Number of pages	10
Journal	Emerging Infectious Diseases
Volume	24
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2402.170704
Publication status	Published - Feb 2018

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de Alwis, R., Watson, C., Nikolay, B., Lowry, J. H., Thieu, N. T. V., Van, T. T., Ngoc, D. T. T., Rawalai, K., Taufa, M., Coriakula, J., Lau, C. L., Nilles, E. J., Edmunds, W. J., Kama, M., Baker, S., & Cano, J. (2018). Role of environmental factors in shaping spatial distribution of salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi, Fiji. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(2), 284-293. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2402.170704

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title = "Role of environmental factors in shaping spatial distribution of salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi, Fiji",

abstract = "Fiji recently experienced a sharp increase in reported typhoid fever cases. To investigate geographic distribution and environmental risk factors associated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi infection, we conducted a cross-sectional cluster survey with associated serologic testing for Vi capsular antigen-specific antibodies (a marker for exposure to Salmonella Typhi in Fiji in 2013. Hotspots with high seroprevalence of Vi-specific antibodies were identified in northeastern mainland Fiji. Risk for Vi seropositivity increased with increased annual rainfall (odds ratio [OR] 1.26/quintile increase, 95% CI 1.12-1.42), and decreased with increased distance from major rivers and creeks (OR 0.89/km increase, 95% CI 0.80-0.99) and distance to modeled flood-risk areas (OR 0.80/quintile increase, 95% CI 0.69-0.92) after being adjusted for age, typhoid fever vaccination, and home toilet type. Risk for exposure to Salmonella Typhi and its spatial distribution in Fiji are driven by environmental factors. Our findings can directly affect typhoid fever control efforts in Fiji.",

author = "{de Alwis}, Ruklanthi and Conall Watson and Birgit Nikolay and Lowry, {John H.} and Thieu, {Nga Tran Vu} and Van, {Tan Trinh} and Ngoc, {Dung Tran Thi} and Kitione Rawalai and Mere Taufa and Jerimaia Coriakula and Lau, {Colleen L.} and Nilles, {Eric J.} and Edmunds, {W. John} and Mike Kama and Stephen Baker and Jorge Cano",

year = "2018",

month = feb,

doi = "10.3201/eid2402.170704",

language = "English",

volume = "24",

pages = "284--293",

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de Alwis, R, Watson, C, Nikolay, B, Lowry, JH, Thieu, NTV, Van, TT, Ngoc, DTT, Rawalai, K, Taufa, M, Coriakula, J, Lau, CL, Nilles, EJ, Edmunds, WJ, Kama, M, Baker, S & Cano, J 2018, 'Role of environmental factors in shaping spatial distribution of salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi, Fiji', Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 284-293. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2402.170704

TY - JOUR

T1 - Role of environmental factors in shaping spatial distribution of salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi, Fiji

AU - de Alwis, Ruklanthi

AU - Watson, Conall

AU - Nikolay, Birgit

AU - Lowry, John H.

AU - Thieu, Nga Tran Vu

AU - Van, Tan Trinh

AU - Ngoc, Dung Tran Thi

AU - Rawalai, Kitione

AU - Taufa, Mere

AU - Coriakula, Jerimaia

AU - Lau, Colleen L.

AU - Nilles, Eric J.

AU - Edmunds, W. John

AU - Kama, Mike

AU - Baker, Stephen

AU - Cano, Jorge

PY - 2018/2

Y1 - 2018/2

N2 - Fiji recently experienced a sharp increase in reported typhoid fever cases. To investigate geographic distribution and environmental risk factors associated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi infection, we conducted a cross-sectional cluster survey with associated serologic testing for Vi capsular antigen-specific antibodies (a marker for exposure to Salmonella Typhi in Fiji in 2013. Hotspots with high seroprevalence of Vi-specific antibodies were identified in northeastern mainland Fiji. Risk for Vi seropositivity increased with increased annual rainfall (odds ratio [OR] 1.26/quintile increase, 95% CI 1.12-1.42), and decreased with increased distance from major rivers and creeks (OR 0.89/km increase, 95% CI 0.80-0.99) and distance to modeled flood-risk areas (OR 0.80/quintile increase, 95% CI 0.69-0.92) after being adjusted for age, typhoid fever vaccination, and home toilet type. Risk for exposure to Salmonella Typhi and its spatial distribution in Fiji are driven by environmental factors. Our findings can directly affect typhoid fever control efforts in Fiji.

AB - Fiji recently experienced a sharp increase in reported typhoid fever cases. To investigate geographic distribution and environmental risk factors associated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi infection, we conducted a cross-sectional cluster survey with associated serologic testing for Vi capsular antigen-specific antibodies (a marker for exposure to Salmonella Typhi in Fiji in 2013. Hotspots with high seroprevalence of Vi-specific antibodies were identified in northeastern mainland Fiji. Risk for Vi seropositivity increased with increased annual rainfall (odds ratio [OR] 1.26/quintile increase, 95% CI 1.12-1.42), and decreased with increased distance from major rivers and creeks (OR 0.89/km increase, 95% CI 0.80-0.99) and distance to modeled flood-risk areas (OR 0.80/quintile increase, 95% CI 0.69-0.92) after being adjusted for age, typhoid fever vaccination, and home toilet type. Risk for exposure to Salmonella Typhi and its spatial distribution in Fiji are driven by environmental factors. Our findings can directly affect typhoid fever control efforts in Fiji.

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U2 - 10.3201/eid2402.170704

DO - 10.3201/eid2402.170704

M3 - Article

SN - 1080-6040

VL - 24

SP - 284

EP - 293

JO - Emerging Infectious Diseases

JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases

IS - 2

ER -

Role of environmental factors in shaping spatial distribution of salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi, Fiji

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