Second flip in the Hassett-Keel program: A local description

This is the first of three papers in which we give a moduli interpretation of the second flip in the log minimal model program for , replacing the locus of curves with a genus Weierstrass tail by a locus of curves with a ramphoid cusp. In this paper, for , we introduce new -stability conditions for curves and prove that they are deformation open. This yields algebraic stacks related by open immersions . We prove that around a curve corresponding to a closed point in , these open immersions are locally modeled by variation of geometric invariant theory for the action of on the first-order deformation space of C.