Selected Lexical-Semantic Groups (Colour Terms, Kinship Terms)

CTs contrast with stylistically or collocationally restricted CTs, e.g. Ru krasnyj ‘red’ vs. bagrjanyj or rumjanyj. Second-order CTs are understood to be hyponyms of basic CTs (e.g. Ru alyj / krasnyj). Nuances can be expressed by combining adjectives: Ru kori&#269;nevato-želtyj ‘brownish-yellow’. The Sl languages can form new CTs very easily, e.g. Ru peso&#269;nyj ‘sand-coloured’ < pesok ‘sand’. CTs in Sl languages can be expressed also as verbs: *b&#283;l&#283;ti ‘to appear white, to be white’. CTs are often borrowed: Bg pemben and morav < Tk, oranžev and rozov < Ru. According to Berlin and Kay, CSl would be a stage-IV language, with apparently no CSl CT for BLUE. Collocationally restricted CTs are predicated of people’s eyes, hair or complexion or of animals’ coats, especially those of horses and cows: Pol bu&#322;any ‘dun; sorrel’, cisawy ‘chestnut’, gniady ‘bay’. Kinship is a biological category but, unlike other animals, human beings consciously and explicitly use the categories of kinship to define social relationships. CSl possesses a complicated terminology of kinship. In agricultural societies it was imperative to distinguish patrilineal from matrilineal relatives: the husband’s relatives were important but not the wife’s. Some Sl languages retain many CSl KTs, while others, such as Ru, have lost most of them. CTs and KTs occur in a host of metaphorical uses