TY - JOUR
T1 - Self-reported workplace bullying and subsequent risk of diagnosed mental disorders and psychotropic drug prescriptions
T2 - A register-based prospective cohort study of 75,252 participants
AU - Conway, Paul Maurice
AU - Erlangsen, Annette
AU - Grynderup, Matias Brødsgaard
AU - Clausen, Thomas
AU - Bjørner, Jakob Bue
AU - Burr, Hermann
AU - Francioli, Laura
AU - Garde, Anne Helene
AU - Hansen, Åse Marie
AU - Magnusson Hanson, Linda L.
AU - Kirchheiner-Rasmussen, Jonas
AU - Kristensen, Tage S.
AU - Mikkelsen, Eva Gemzøe
AU - Stenager, Elsebeth
AU - Thorsen, Sannie Vester
AU - Villadsen, Ebbe
AU - Høgh, Annie
AU - Rugulies, Reiner
N1 - © 2024 The Author(s)
PY - 2025/1/15
Y1 - 2025/1/15
N2 - Background: Evidence concerning workplace bullying as a risk factor for mental disorders is currently limited to depressive disorders and mainly based on non-clinical assessments. This study aims to examine the prospective association of self-reported workplace bullying with different types of register-based hospital-diagnosed mental disorders and redeemed psychotropic drug prescriptions. Methods: Using a cohort study design, we examined a pooled dataset of 75,252 participants from 14 questionnaire-based surveys conducted between 2004 and 2014. In the questionnaires, workplace bullying was measured by a single item. The questionnaires were linked to Danish registers on hospital-diagnosed mental disorders and redeemed psychotropic drug prescriptions up to 2016. Data were analysed by multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, including only participants without a history of mental disorders or prescriptions since 1995. Results: After adjustment for sex, age, marital and socio-economic status, workplace bullying was associated with an excess risk of any mental disorder (HR 1.37; 95 % CI: 1.17–1.59) as well as mood disorders and neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders. In stratified analyses, this association were statistically significant only among women. Workplace bullying was also associated with any psychotropic drug prescription (fully-adjusted HR 1.43; 95 % CI: 1.35–1.53). This association was observed in both sexes and for all prescriptions, including anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives, antidepressants, and nootropics. Limitations: Firm conclusions about sex-related differences cannot be drawn. Residual confounding by unmeasured factors such as personality cannot be ruled out. Conclusions: Workplace bullying was associated with higher risks of diagnosed mental disorders among women and psychotropic drug prescriptions in both sexes.
AB - Background: Evidence concerning workplace bullying as a risk factor for mental disorders is currently limited to depressive disorders and mainly based on non-clinical assessments. This study aims to examine the prospective association of self-reported workplace bullying with different types of register-based hospital-diagnosed mental disorders and redeemed psychotropic drug prescriptions. Methods: Using a cohort study design, we examined a pooled dataset of 75,252 participants from 14 questionnaire-based surveys conducted between 2004 and 2014. In the questionnaires, workplace bullying was measured by a single item. The questionnaires were linked to Danish registers on hospital-diagnosed mental disorders and redeemed psychotropic drug prescriptions up to 2016. Data were analysed by multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, including only participants without a history of mental disorders or prescriptions since 1995. Results: After adjustment for sex, age, marital and socio-economic status, workplace bullying was associated with an excess risk of any mental disorder (HR 1.37; 95 % CI: 1.17–1.59) as well as mood disorders and neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders. In stratified analyses, this association were statistically significant only among women. Workplace bullying was also associated with any psychotropic drug prescription (fully-adjusted HR 1.43; 95 % CI: 1.35–1.53). This association was observed in both sexes and for all prescriptions, including anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives, antidepressants, and nootropics. Limitations: Firm conclusions about sex-related differences cannot be drawn. Residual confounding by unmeasured factors such as personality cannot be ruled out. Conclusions: Workplace bullying was associated with higher risks of diagnosed mental disorders among women and psychotropic drug prescriptions in both sexes.
KW - Depressive disorders
KW - Mental disorders
KW - Psychotropic drug prescriptions
KW - Register-based study
KW - Workplace bullying
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85204607307&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.134
DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.134
M3 - Article
C2 - 39317298
AN - SCOPUS:85204607307
SN - 0165-0327
VL - 369
SP - 1
EP - 7
JO - Journal of Affective Disorders
JF - Journal of Affective Disorders
ER -