TY - JOUR
T1 - Sonicated Echocardiographic Contrast Agents
T2 - Reproducibility Studies
AU - Feinstein, Steven B.
AU - Keller, Mark W.
AU - Kerber, Richard E.
AU - Vandenberg, Byron
AU - Hoyte, John
AU - Kutruff, Chris
AU - Bingle, James
AU - Fraker, Theodore D.
AU - Chappell, Richard
AU - Welsh, Alan H.
PY - 1989
Y1 - 1989
N2 - This article describes the production, analysis, and reproducibility of forming microbubbles for contrast ultrasound imaging. The sonication method used to generate microbubbles was tested by four independent observers, and a subsequent laser particle counter analysis of microbubble size and concentration determined the reproducibility of the method. The results indicated that the mean bubble size was 3.3 ± 1.2 µm for the entire group, based on three trials of each of the four participants. The characteristics of the bubble size of the microbubbles between observers were assessed with a Poisson distribution with the reproducibility based on the sample mean for each observer's trials. Standardization and calibration of the laser particle counter was accomplished with commercially available latex spheres, sonicated albumin microspheres, and a Coulter counter analysis. Our results indicate that the sonication technique generates small microbubbles with a reproducible uniform size distribution. The method of microbubble production is reproducible and can be widely applied for use in contrast echocardiographic perfusion imaging of tissue in a variety of research and clinical studies. (J AM Soc ECHO 1989;2:125-31.)
AB - This article describes the production, analysis, and reproducibility of forming microbubbles for contrast ultrasound imaging. The sonication method used to generate microbubbles was tested by four independent observers, and a subsequent laser particle counter analysis of microbubble size and concentration determined the reproducibility of the method. The results indicated that the mean bubble size was 3.3 ± 1.2 µm for the entire group, based on three trials of each of the four participants. The characteristics of the bubble size of the microbubbles between observers were assessed with a Poisson distribution with the reproducibility based on the sample mean for each observer's trials. Standardization and calibration of the laser particle counter was accomplished with commercially available latex spheres, sonicated albumin microspheres, and a Coulter counter analysis. Our results indicate that the sonication technique generates small microbubbles with a reproducible uniform size distribution. The method of microbubble production is reproducible and can be widely applied for use in contrast echocardiographic perfusion imaging of tissue in a variety of research and clinical studies. (J AM Soc ECHO 1989;2:125-31.)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0024623864&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0894-7317(89)80075-6
DO - 10.1016/S0894-7317(89)80075-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 2629861
AN - SCOPUS:0024623864
SN - 0894-7317
VL - 2
SP - 125
EP - 131
JO - Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
JF - Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
IS - 2
ER -