Switching the Nonparametric Optical Nonlinearity of Tungsten Oxide by Electrical Modulation

Hui Li; Ruipeng Hou; Yanhui Sun; Mengjuan Diao; Ying Liang; Xin Chen; Zhipeng Huang; Jun Wang; Mark G. Humphrey; Zhiyang Yu; Chi Zhang

doi:10.1002/adom.202002188

Switching the Nonparametric Optical Nonlinearity of Tungsten Oxide by Electrical Modulation

Hui Li, Ruipeng Hou, Yanhui Sun, Mengjuan Diao, Ying Liang, Xin Chen, Zhipeng Huang^*, Jun Wang, Mark G. Humphrey, Zhiyang Yu, Chi Zhang^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

This work shows the electrical switching of the nonparametric optical nonlinearity of tungsten oxide (WO₃₋_x). The sign and magnitude of the effective nonlinear absorption coefficient (β_eff) can be modulated via application of an external bias. With laser excitation at 1030 nm, WO₃₋_x shows a relatively large saturable absorption (SA) under an applied voltage (V_A) of −2.5 V, with β_eff being as large as −632 cm GW⁻¹, while reverse saturable absorption (RSA) is found for V_A larger than −1.5 V. The electrical switching of the nonlinear optical (NLO) response is reproducible and durable. Both electrostatic and electrochemical dopings of WO₃₋_x occur during V_A variation, with SA resulting mainly from the electrochemical doping (the intercalation of H⁺ into the lattice of WO₃₋_x). The wavelength-dependent NLO performance of pristine WO₃₋_x is attributed to competition between one-photon absorption and two-photon absorption, while the V_A-derived NLO response is correlated with variation in the band structure and its population. These results suggest a promising approach for the postsynthesis modulation of the NLO response and a potential device configuration for further optoelectric applications.

Original language	English
Article number	2002188
Journal	Advanced Optical Materials
Volume	9
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202002188
Publication status	Published - 18 Jun 2021

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@article{5162527ade1544b5a65d3bb8d37fc3cf,

title = "Switching the Nonparametric Optical Nonlinearity of Tungsten Oxide by Electrical Modulation",

abstract = "This work shows the electrical switching of the nonparametric optical nonlinearity of tungsten oxide (WO3−x). The sign and magnitude of the effective nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff) can be modulated via application of an external bias. With laser excitation at 1030 nm, WO3−x shows a relatively large saturable absorption (SA) under an applied voltage (VA) of −2.5 V, with βeff being as large as −632 cm GW−1, while reverse saturable absorption (RSA) is found for VA larger than −1.5 V. The electrical switching of the nonlinear optical (NLO) response is reproducible and durable. Both electrostatic and electrochemical dopings of WO3−x occur during VA variation, with SA resulting mainly from the electrochemical doping (the intercalation of H+ into the lattice of WO3−x). The wavelength-dependent NLO performance of pristine WO3−x is attributed to competition between one-photon absorption and two-photon absorption, while the VA-derived NLO response is correlated with variation in the band structure and its population. These results suggest a promising approach for the postsynthesis modulation of the NLO response and a potential device configuration for further optoelectric applications.",

keywords = "electrical tuning, electrochemical doping, intercalation, nonlinear absorption, third-order nonlinear optics, tungsten oxide",

author = "Hui Li and Ruipeng Hou and Yanhui Sun and Mengjuan Diao and Ying Liang and Xin Chen and Zhipeng Huang and Jun Wang and Humphrey, {Mark G.} and Zhiyang Yu and Chi Zhang",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH",

year = "2021",

month = jun,

day = "18",

doi = "10.1002/adom.202002188",

language = "English",

volume = "9",

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issn = "2195-1071",

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T1 - Switching the Nonparametric Optical Nonlinearity of Tungsten Oxide by Electrical Modulation

AU - Li, Hui

AU - Hou, Ruipeng

AU - Sun, Yanhui

AU - Diao, Mengjuan

AU - Liang, Ying

AU - Chen, Xin

AU - Huang, Zhipeng

AU - Wang, Jun

AU - Humphrey, Mark G.

AU - Yu, Zhiyang

AU - Zhang, Chi

PY - 2021/6/18

Y1 - 2021/6/18

N2 - This work shows the electrical switching of the nonparametric optical nonlinearity of tungsten oxide (WO3−x). The sign and magnitude of the effective nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff) can be modulated via application of an external bias. With laser excitation at 1030 nm, WO3−x shows a relatively large saturable absorption (SA) under an applied voltage (VA) of −2.5 V, with βeff being as large as −632 cm GW−1, while reverse saturable absorption (RSA) is found for VA larger than −1.5 V. The electrical switching of the nonlinear optical (NLO) response is reproducible and durable. Both electrostatic and electrochemical dopings of WO3−x occur during VA variation, with SA resulting mainly from the electrochemical doping (the intercalation of H+ into the lattice of WO3−x). The wavelength-dependent NLO performance of pristine WO3−x is attributed to competition between one-photon absorption and two-photon absorption, while the VA-derived NLO response is correlated with variation in the band structure and its population. These results suggest a promising approach for the postsynthesis modulation of the NLO response and a potential device configuration for further optoelectric applications.

AB - This work shows the electrical switching of the nonparametric optical nonlinearity of tungsten oxide (WO3−x). The sign and magnitude of the effective nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff) can be modulated via application of an external bias. With laser excitation at 1030 nm, WO3−x shows a relatively large saturable absorption (SA) under an applied voltage (VA) of −2.5 V, with βeff being as large as −632 cm GW−1, while reverse saturable absorption (RSA) is found for VA larger than −1.5 V. The electrical switching of the nonlinear optical (NLO) response is reproducible and durable. Both electrostatic and electrochemical dopings of WO3−x occur during VA variation, with SA resulting mainly from the electrochemical doping (the intercalation of H+ into the lattice of WO3−x). The wavelength-dependent NLO performance of pristine WO3−x is attributed to competition between one-photon absorption and two-photon absorption, while the VA-derived NLO response is correlated with variation in the band structure and its population. These results suggest a promising approach for the postsynthesis modulation of the NLO response and a potential device configuration for further optoelectric applications.

KW - electrical tuning

KW - electrochemical doping

KW - intercalation

KW - nonlinear absorption

KW - third-order nonlinear optics

KW - tungsten oxide

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U2 - 10.1002/adom.202002188

DO - 10.1002/adom.202002188

M3 - Article

SN - 2195-1071

VL - 9

JO - Advanced Optical Materials

JF - Advanced Optical Materials

IS - 12

M1 - 2002188

ER -

Switching the Nonparametric Optical Nonlinearity of Tungsten Oxide by Electrical Modulation

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