The adaptation of second-generation Afghans in Iran: Empirical findings and Policy implications

In recent decades, Iran has been the destination for around 3 million Afghan migrants and refugees. The long-term settlement of Afghan refugees in Iran, along with their young age structure and high fertility, has produced an important shift in the composition of their population marked by the emergence of second generation. The second-generation Afghan is defined as an Iran-born individual with at least one Afghan-born parent or an Afghan youth who immigrated to Iran before the age of seven. Currently, the second-generation constitutes a large and growing share of the Afghan population in Iran a shift that has many implications for policymakers.