The case for thermalization as a contributor to the [C ii] deficit

Jessica Sutter; Daniel A. Dale; Karin Sandstrom; J. D.T. Smith; Alberto Bolatto; Mederic Boquien; Daniela Calzetti; Kevin V. Croxall; Ilse De Looze; Maud Galametz; Brent A. Groves; George Helou; Rodrigo Herrera-Camus; Leslie K. Hunt; Robert C. Kennicutt; Eric W. Pelligrini; Christine Wilson; Mark G. Wolfire

doi:10.1093/mnras/stab490

The case for thermalization as a contributor to the [C ii] deficit

Jessica Sutter^*, Daniel A. Dale, Karin Sandstrom, J. D.T. Smith, Alberto Bolatto, Mederic Boquien, Daniela Calzetti, Kevin V. Croxall, Ilse De Looze, Maud Galametz, Brent A. Groves, George Helou, Rodrigo Herrera-Camus, Leslie K. Hunt, Robert C. Kennicutt, Eric W. Pelligrini, Christine Wilson, Mark G. Wolfire

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The [C ii] deficit, which describes the observed decrease in the ratio of [C ii] 158 μm emission to continuum infrared emission in galaxies with high star formation surface densities, places a significant challenge to the interpretation of [C ii] detections from across the observable universe. In an attempt to further decode the cause of the [C ii] deficit, the [C ii] and dust continuum emission from 18 Local Volume galaxies has been split based on conditions within the interstellar medium where it originated. This is completed using the Key Insights in Nearby Galaxies: a Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel (KINGFISH) and Beyond the Peak (BtP) surveys and the wide-range of wavelength information, from UV to far-infrared emission lines, available for a selection of star-forming regions within these samples. By comparing these subdivided [C ii] emissions to isolated infrared emission and other properties, we find that the thermalization (collisional de-excitation) of the [C ii] line in H ii regions plays a significant role in the deficit observed in our sample.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	911-919
Number of pages	9
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	503
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab490
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2021

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Sutter, J., Dale, D. A., Sandstrom, K., Smith, J. D. T., Bolatto, A., Boquien, M., Calzetti, D., Croxall, K. V., De Looze, I., Galametz, M., Groves, B. A., Helou, G., Herrera-Camus, R., Hunt, L. K., Kennicutt, R. C., Pelligrini, E. W., Wilson, C., & Wolfire, M. G. (2021). The case for thermalization as a contributor to the [C ii] deficit. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 503(1), 911-919. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab490

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title = "The case for thermalization as a contributor to the [C ii] deficit",

abstract = "The [C ii] deficit, which describes the observed decrease in the ratio of [C ii] 158 μm emission to continuum infrared emission in galaxies with high star formation surface densities, places a significant challenge to the interpretation of [C ii] detections from across the observable universe. In an attempt to further decode the cause of the [C ii] deficit, the [C ii] and dust continuum emission from 18 Local Volume galaxies has been split based on conditions within the interstellar medium where it originated. This is completed using the Key Insights in Nearby Galaxies: a Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel (KINGFISH) and Beyond the Peak (BtP) surveys and the wide-range of wavelength information, from UV to far-infrared emission lines, available for a selection of star-forming regions within these samples. By comparing these subdivided [C ii] emissions to isolated infrared emission and other properties, we find that the thermalization (collisional de-excitation) of the [C ii] line in H ii regions plays a significant role in the deficit observed in our sample.",

keywords = "(ISM:) H ii Regions, (ISM:) photodissociation regions, galaxies: ISM",

author = "Jessica Sutter and Dale, {Daniel A.} and Karin Sandstrom and Smith, {J. D.T.} and Alberto Bolatto and Mederic Boquien and Daniela Calzetti and Croxall, {Kevin V.} and {De Looze}, Ilse and Maud Galametz and Groves, {Brent A.} and George Helou and Rodrigo Herrera-Camus and Hunt, {Leslie K.} and Kennicutt, {Robert C.} and Pelligrini, {Eric W.} and Christine Wilson and Wolfire, {Mark G.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.",

year = "2021",

month = may,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stab490",

language = "English",

volume = "503",

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Sutter, J, Dale, DA, Sandstrom, K, Smith, JDT, Bolatto, A, Boquien, M, Calzetti, D, Croxall, KV, De Looze, I, Galametz, M, Groves, BA, Helou, G, Herrera-Camus, R, Hunt, LK, Kennicutt, RC, Pelligrini, EW, Wilson, C & Wolfire, MG 2021, 'The case for thermalization as a contributor to the [C ii] deficit', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 503, no. 1, pp. 911-919. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab490

TY - JOUR

T1 - The case for thermalization as a contributor to the [C ii] deficit

AU - Sutter, Jessica

AU - Dale, Daniel A.

AU - Sandstrom, Karin

AU - Smith, J. D.T.

AU - Bolatto, Alberto

AU - Boquien, Mederic

AU - Calzetti, Daniela

AU - Croxall, Kevin V.

AU - De Looze, Ilse

AU - Galametz, Maud

AU - Groves, Brent A.

AU - Helou, George

AU - Herrera-Camus, Rodrigo

AU - Hunt, Leslie K.

AU - Kennicutt, Robert C.

AU - Pelligrini, Eric W.

AU - Wilson, Christine

AU - Wolfire, Mark G.

PY - 2021/5/1

Y1 - 2021/5/1

N2 - The [C ii] deficit, which describes the observed decrease in the ratio of [C ii] 158 μm emission to continuum infrared emission in galaxies with high star formation surface densities, places a significant challenge to the interpretation of [C ii] detections from across the observable universe. In an attempt to further decode the cause of the [C ii] deficit, the [C ii] and dust continuum emission from 18 Local Volume galaxies has been split based on conditions within the interstellar medium where it originated. This is completed using the Key Insights in Nearby Galaxies: a Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel (KINGFISH) and Beyond the Peak (BtP) surveys and the wide-range of wavelength information, from UV to far-infrared emission lines, available for a selection of star-forming regions within these samples. By comparing these subdivided [C ii] emissions to isolated infrared emission and other properties, we find that the thermalization (collisional de-excitation) of the [C ii] line in H ii regions plays a significant role in the deficit observed in our sample.

AB - The [C ii] deficit, which describes the observed decrease in the ratio of [C ii] 158 μm emission to continuum infrared emission in galaxies with high star formation surface densities, places a significant challenge to the interpretation of [C ii] detections from across the observable universe. In an attempt to further decode the cause of the [C ii] deficit, the [C ii] and dust continuum emission from 18 Local Volume galaxies has been split based on conditions within the interstellar medium where it originated. This is completed using the Key Insights in Nearby Galaxies: a Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel (KINGFISH) and Beyond the Peak (BtP) surveys and the wide-range of wavelength information, from UV to far-infrared emission lines, available for a selection of star-forming regions within these samples. By comparing these subdivided [C ii] emissions to isolated infrared emission and other properties, we find that the thermalization (collisional de-excitation) of the [C ii] line in H ii regions plays a significant role in the deficit observed in our sample.

KW - (ISM:) H ii Regions

KW - (ISM:) photodissociation regions

KW - galaxies: ISM

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105121734&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stab490

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stab490

M3 - Article

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 503

SP - 911

EP - 919

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 1

ER -

The case for thermalization as a contributor to the [C ii] deficit

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