The evolution of the DLK1-DIO3 imprinted domain in mammals

Carol A. Edwards, Andrew J. Mungall, Lucy Matthews, Edward Ryder, Dionne J. Gray, Andrew J. Pask, Geoffrey Shaw, Jennifer A.M. Graves, Jane Rogers, Ian Dunham, Marilyn B. Renfree, Anne C. Ferguson-Smith, Alex Bateman, Chao Kung Chen, John Collins, James Gilbert, Elizabeth Huckle, Sam Griffith-Jones, Jennifer Harrow, Matthew JonesMustapha Larbaoui, Karen Oliver, Carol Scott, Sarah Sims, Charles Steward, Jennie Yang, Guillaume Smits, Simon Andrews, Delphine Beury, Christel Krueger, Elena Ivanova, Iain McKendrick, Paul Smith, Gavin Kelsey, Wolf Reik

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    156 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    A comprehensive, domain-wide comparative analysis of genomic imprinting between mammals that imprint and those that do not can provide valuable information about how and why imprinting evolved. The imprinting status, DNA methylation, and genomic landscape of the Dlk1-Dio3 cluster were determined in eutherian, metatherian, and prototherian mammals including tammar wallaby and platypus. Imprinting across the whole domain evolved after the divergence of eutherian from marsupial mammals and in eutherians is under strong purifying selection. The marsupial locus at 1.6 megabases, is double that of eutherians due to the accumulation of LINE repeats. Comparative sequence analysis of the domain in seven vertebrates determined evolutionary conserved regions common to particular subgroups and to all vertebrates. The emergence of Dlk1-Dio3 imprinting in eutherians has occurred on the maternally inherited chromosome and is associated with region-specific resistance to expansion by repetitive elements and the local introduction of noncoding transcripts including microRNAs and C/D small nucleolar RNAs. A recent mammal-specific retrotransposition event led to the formation of a completely new gene only in the eutherian domain, which may have driven imprinting at the cluster.

    Original languageEnglish
    Article numbere135
    Pages (from-to)1292-1305
    Number of pages14
    JournalPLoS Biology
    Volume6
    Issue number6
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - Jun 2008

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