The health impacts of waste incineration: a systematic review

Peter W. Tait*, James Brew, Angelina Che, Adam Costanzo, Andrew Danyluk, Meg Davis, Ahmed Khalaf, Kathryn McMahon, Alastair Watson, Kirsten Rowcliff, Devin Bowles

*Corresponding author for this work

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    94 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Introduction: Waste incineration is increasingly used to reduce waste volume and produce electricity. Several incinerators have recently been proposed in Australia and community groups are concerned about health impacts. An overview of the evidence on health effects has been needed. Method: A systematic review of English language literature for waste incinerators and health using PRISMA methodology. Results: A range of adverse health effects were identified, including significant associations with some neoplasia, congenital anomalies, infant deaths and miscarriage, but not for other diseases. Ingestion was the dominant exposure pathway for the public. Newer incinerator technologies may reduce exposure. Discussion: Despite these findings, diverse chemicals, poor study methodologies and inconsistent reporting of incinerator technology specifications precludes firmer conclusions about safety. Conclusion: Older incinerator technology and infrequent maintenance schedules have been strongly linked with adverse health effects. More recent incinerators have fewer reported ill effects, perhaps because of inadequate time for adverse effects to emerge. A precautionary approach is required. Waste minimisation is essential. Implications for public health: Public health practitioners can offer clearer advice about adverse health effects from incinerators. We suggest improved research design and methods to make future studies more robust and comparable. We offer ideas for better policy and regulation.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)40-48
    Number of pages9
    JournalAustralian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
    Volume44
    Issue number1
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 1 Feb 2020

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