The lithosphere-asthenosphere transition and radial anisotropy beneath the Australian continent

A new 3-D S wave speed model for the Australian region derived from multimode surface waves allows us to examine the nature of the lithosphere-asthenosphere transition (LAT) and its relation to radial anisotropy. In eastern Phanerozoic Australia the estimated depths of the LAT tie well with those from receiver functions. However, in the Archean and Proterozoic lithosphere in western and central Australia, the LAT derived from the surface wave model is generally much deeper than the discontinuities recognized from receiver functions and shows a smooth transition. There is significant radial anisotropy (SH > SV) in the upper lithosphere as well as in the LAT and the underlying asthenosphere. Strong anisotropy in the asthenosphere reflects the effects of present shear flow in the mantle beneath the continent. The lateral variation of lithospheric anisotropy correlates well with the suture zones between cratonic blocks, representing frozen anisotropy associated with the ancient tectonics of Australia.