The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum at DSDP Site 277, Campbell Plateau, southern Pacific Ocean

Re-examination of sediment cores from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 277 on the western margin of the Campbell Plateau (paleolatitude of ∼65°S) has identified an intact Paleocene-Eocene (P-E) boundary overlain by a 34 cm thick record of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) within nannofossil chalk. The upper part of the PETM is truncated, either due to drilling disturbance or a sedimentary hiatus. An intact record of the onset of the PETM is indicated by a gradual decrease in δ¹³C values over 20 cm, followed by a 14 cm interval in which δ¹³C is 2‰ lighter than uppermost Paleocene values. After accounting for effects of diagenetic alteration, we use δ¹⁸O and Mg/Ca values from foraminiferal tests to determine that intermediate and surface waters warmed by ∼5-6° at the onset of the PETM prior to the full development of the negative δ¹³C excursion. After this initial warming, sea temperatures were relatively stable through the PETM but declined abruptly across the horizon that truncates the event at this site. Mg/Ca analysis of foraminiferal tests indicates peak intermediate and surface water temperatures of ∼19 and ∼32°C, respectively. These temperatures may be influenced by residual diagenetic factors and changes in ocean circulation, and surface water values may also be biased towards warm-season temperatures.