THE SPATIALLY RESOLVED [C II]COOLING LINE DEFICIT in GALAXIES

J. D.T. Smith; Kevin Croxall; Bruce Draine; Ilse De Looze; Karin Sandstrom; Lee Armus; Pedro Beirão; Alberto Bolatto; Mederic Boquien; Bernhard Brandl; Alison Crocker; Daniel A. Dale; Maud Galametz; Brent Groves; George Helou; Rodrigo Herrera-Camus; Leslie Hunt; Robert Kennicutt; Fabian Walter; Mark Wolfire

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/5

THE SPATIALLY RESOLVED [C II]COOLING LINE DEFICIT in GALAXIES

J. D.T. Smith, Kevin Croxall, Bruce Draine, Ilse De Looze, Karin Sandstrom, Lee Armus, Pedro Beirão, Alberto Bolatto, Mederic Boquien, Bernhard Brandl, Alison Crocker, Daniel A. Dale, Maud Galametz, Brent Groves, George Helou, Rodrigo Herrera-Camus, Leslie Hunt, Robert Kennicutt, Fabian Walter, Mark Wolfire

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Abstract

We present [C ii] 158 μm measurements from over 15,000 resolved regions within 54 nearby galaxies of the Kingfish program to investigate the so-called [C ii] "line-cooling deficit" long known to occur in galaxies with different luminosities. The [C ii]/TIR ratio ranges from above 1% to below 0.1% in the sample, with a mean value of 0.48 ± 0.21%. We find that the surface density of 24 μm emission dominates this trend, with [C ii]/TIR dropping as vI_v (24 μm)increases. Deviations from this overall decline are correlated with changes in the gas-phase metal abundance, with higher metallicity associated with deeper deficits at a fixed surface brightness. We supplement the local sample with resolved [C ii] measurements from nearby luminous infrared galaxies and high-redshift sources from z = 1.8-6.4, and find that star formation rate density drives a continuous trend of deepening [C ii] deficit across six orders of magnitude in Σ_SFR. The tightness of this correlation suggests that an approximate can be estimated directly from global measurements of [C ii]/TIR, and a relation is provided to do so. Several low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (AGN) hosts in the sample show additional and significant central suppression of [C ii]/TIR, but these deficit enhancements occur not in those AGNs with the highest X-ray luminosities, but instead those with the highest central starlight intensities. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the [C ii] line-cooling line deficit in galaxies likely arises from local physical phenomena in interstellar gas.

Original language	English
Article number	5
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	834
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/5
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2017

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Smith, J. D. T., Croxall, K., Draine, B., Looze, I. D., Sandstrom, K., Armus, L., Beirão, P., Bolatto, A., Boquien, M., Brandl, B., Crocker, A., Dale, D. A., Galametz, M., Groves, B., Helou, G., Herrera-Camus, R., Hunt, L., Kennicutt, R., Walter, F., & Wolfire, M. (2017). THE SPATIALLY RESOLVED [C II]COOLING LINE DEFICIT in GALAXIES. Astrophysical Journal, 834(1), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/5

@article{7ae3ecec86614895b01ef614599997f4,

title = "THE SPATIALLY RESOLVED [C II]COOLING LINE DEFICIT in GALAXIES",

abstract = "We present [C ii] 158 μm measurements from over 15,000 resolved regions within 54 nearby galaxies of the Kingfish program to investigate the so-called [C ii] {"}line-cooling deficit{"} long known to occur in galaxies with different luminosities. The [C ii]/TIR ratio ranges from above 1% to below 0.1% in the sample, with a mean value of 0.48 ± 0.21%. We find that the surface density of 24 μm emission dominates this trend, with [C ii]/TIR dropping as vIv (24 μm)increases. Deviations from this overall decline are correlated with changes in the gas-phase metal abundance, with higher metallicity associated with deeper deficits at a fixed surface brightness. We supplement the local sample with resolved [C ii] measurements from nearby luminous infrared galaxies and high-redshift sources from z = 1.8-6.4, and find that star formation rate density drives a continuous trend of deepening [C ii] deficit across six orders of magnitude in ΣSFR. The tightness of this correlation suggests that an approximate can be estimated directly from global measurements of [C ii]/TIR, and a relation is provided to do so. Several low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (AGN) hosts in the sample show additional and significant central suppression of [C ii]/TIR, but these deficit enhancements occur not in those AGNs with the highest X-ray luminosities, but instead those with the highest central starlight intensities. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the [C ii] line-cooling line deficit in galaxies likely arises from local physical phenomena in interstellar gas.",

keywords = "dust, extinction, galaxies: ISM, infrared: galaxies, techniques: spectroscopic",

author = "Smith, {J. D.T.} and Kevin Croxall and Bruce Draine and Looze, {Ilse De} and Karin Sandstrom and Lee Armus and Pedro Beir{\~a}o and Alberto Bolatto and Mederic Boquien and Bernhard Brandl and Alison Crocker and Dale, {Daniel A.} and Maud Galametz and Brent Groves and George Helou and Rodrigo Herrera-Camus and Leslie Hunt and Robert Kennicutt and Fabian Walter and Mark Wolfire",

year = "2017",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/5",

language = "English",

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Smith, JDT, Croxall, K, Draine, B, Looze, ID, Sandstrom, K, Armus, L, Beirão, P, Bolatto, A, Boquien, M, Brandl, B, Crocker, A, Dale, DA, Galametz, M, Groves, B, Helou, G, Herrera-Camus, R, Hunt, L, Kennicutt, R, Walter, F & Wolfire, M 2017, 'THE SPATIALLY RESOLVED [C II]COOLING LINE DEFICIT in GALAXIES', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 834, no. 1, 5. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/5

TY - JOUR

T1 - THE SPATIALLY RESOLVED [C II]COOLING LINE DEFICIT in GALAXIES

AU - Smith, J. D.T.

AU - Croxall, Kevin

AU - Draine, Bruce

AU - Looze, Ilse De

AU - Sandstrom, Karin

AU - Armus, Lee

AU - Beirão, Pedro

AU - Bolatto, Alberto

AU - Boquien, Mederic

AU - Brandl, Bernhard

AU - Crocker, Alison

AU - Dale, Daniel A.

AU - Galametz, Maud

AU - Groves, Brent

AU - Helou, George

AU - Herrera-Camus, Rodrigo

AU - Hunt, Leslie

AU - Kennicutt, Robert

AU - Walter, Fabian

AU - Wolfire, Mark

PY - 2017/1/1

Y1 - 2017/1/1

N2 - We present [C ii] 158 μm measurements from over 15,000 resolved regions within 54 nearby galaxies of the Kingfish program to investigate the so-called [C ii] "line-cooling deficit" long known to occur in galaxies with different luminosities. The [C ii]/TIR ratio ranges from above 1% to below 0.1% in the sample, with a mean value of 0.48 ± 0.21%. We find that the surface density of 24 μm emission dominates this trend, with [C ii]/TIR dropping as vIv (24 μm)increases. Deviations from this overall decline are correlated with changes in the gas-phase metal abundance, with higher metallicity associated with deeper deficits at a fixed surface brightness. We supplement the local sample with resolved [C ii] measurements from nearby luminous infrared galaxies and high-redshift sources from z = 1.8-6.4, and find that star formation rate density drives a continuous trend of deepening [C ii] deficit across six orders of magnitude in ΣSFR. The tightness of this correlation suggests that an approximate can be estimated directly from global measurements of [C ii]/TIR, and a relation is provided to do so. Several low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (AGN) hosts in the sample show additional and significant central suppression of [C ii]/TIR, but these deficit enhancements occur not in those AGNs with the highest X-ray luminosities, but instead those with the highest central starlight intensities. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the [C ii] line-cooling line deficit in galaxies likely arises from local physical phenomena in interstellar gas.

AB - We present [C ii] 158 μm measurements from over 15,000 resolved regions within 54 nearby galaxies of the Kingfish program to investigate the so-called [C ii] "line-cooling deficit" long known to occur in galaxies with different luminosities. The [C ii]/TIR ratio ranges from above 1% to below 0.1% in the sample, with a mean value of 0.48 ± 0.21%. We find that the surface density of 24 μm emission dominates this trend, with [C ii]/TIR dropping as vIv (24 μm)increases. Deviations from this overall decline are correlated with changes in the gas-phase metal abundance, with higher metallicity associated with deeper deficits at a fixed surface brightness. We supplement the local sample with resolved [C ii] measurements from nearby luminous infrared galaxies and high-redshift sources from z = 1.8-6.4, and find that star formation rate density drives a continuous trend of deepening [C ii] deficit across six orders of magnitude in ΣSFR. The tightness of this correlation suggests that an approximate can be estimated directly from global measurements of [C ii]/TIR, and a relation is provided to do so. Several low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (AGN) hosts in the sample show additional and significant central suppression of [C ii]/TIR, but these deficit enhancements occur not in those AGNs with the highest X-ray luminosities, but instead those with the highest central starlight intensities. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the [C ii] line-cooling line deficit in galaxies likely arises from local physical phenomena in interstellar gas.

KW - dust, extinction

KW - galaxies: ISM

KW - infrared: galaxies

KW - techniques: spectroscopic

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85010028177&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/5

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/5

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 834

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 5

ER -

THE SPATIALLY RESOLVED [C II]COOLING LINE DEFICIT in GALAXIES

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