Towards a strengths-based PEER framework: how peer learning behaviours help develop ICT competencies in older adults

As populations age and digital technologies become increasingly embedded in everyday life, fostering ICT competencies among older adults is essential for promoting independence, social inclusion, and well-being. While peer learning has shown promise in supporting digital engagement, existing research often adopts a deficit perspective that emphasises limitations and barriers. This study takes a strengths-based approach, focusing on older adults’ capabilities and agency in peer-led ICT learning environments. Drawing on qualitative data from observations and interviews with learners and peer tutors at an older adult learning organisation, we identify four key strengths-based behaviours – Pioneering, Experiencing, Enabling, and Responding – that support ICT skill development. These behaviours are mapped to corresponding collaborative mindsets, forming the PEER framework. Our findings demonstrate how peer learning can empower older adults through mutual respect, practical engagement, emotional support, and responsiveness to individual needs. The study offers theoretical and practical contributions to the design of ICT programmes that build on older adults’ strengths.