Tracing Pb from Nolans Bore thorianite through Alice Springs thorite to radiogenic galena: EPMA and LA-ICP-MS study of time and space

The Pb isotope composition of crustal rocks often varies in its proportions of radiogenic Pb, formed by the decay of Th and U. In most cases, it is impossible to trace this radiogenic Pb from its source, through dilution, to a reservoir dominated by common Pb. Nolans Bore is a Th-rich REE ore deposit in the Northern Territory, Australia, in which this progression is recorded in various minerals. We show²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios greater than 100 000 in thorianite and 10 000 in thorite, with subsequent dilution by common Pb recorded by stetindite and ekanite (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 600–800) and, relative to common Pb, a strongly radiogenic signal contained in late-stage zeolite veins (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 40–80). Pyrite intimately associated with thorite inherits a highly radiogenic²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratio of c. 2000, and nearby galena crystallized during a regional fluid flow event (Alice Springs Orogeny) is likewise radiogenic at²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 100–120. Microbeam chemical dating of primary thorianite records the magmatic formation of Nolans Bore at 1521 ± 54 Ma (2σ), and secondary thorite records the Alice Springs Orogeny at 359 ±10Ma(2σ).