@inbook{56565fa78c164af99dfa41352c633dc8,
title = "Whole Blood Procoagulant Platelet Flow Cytometry Protocol for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) and Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT) Testing",
abstract = "Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a well-characterized, iatrogenic complication of heparin anticoagulation with significant morbidity. In contrast, vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a recently recognized severe prothrombotic complication of adenoviral vaccines, including the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Vaxzevria, AstraZeneca) and Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen, Johnson & Johnson) vaccines against COVID-19. The diagnosis of HIT and VITT involve laboratory testing for antiplatelet antibodies by immunoassays followed by confirmation by functional assays to detect platelet-activating antibodies. Functional assays are critical to detect pathological antibodies due to the varying sensitivity and specificity of immunoassays. This chapter presents a protocol for a novel whole blood flow cytometry-based assay to detect procoagulant platelets in healthy donor blood in response to plasma from patients suspected of HIT or VITT. A method to identify suitable healthy donors for HIT and VITT testing is also described.",
keywords = "Flow cytometry, HIT, Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, PF4 antibodies, Procoagulant platelet, VITT, Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia, Whole blood",
author = "Lee, {Christine S.M.} and Powell, {Matthew C.} and Chen, {Vivien M.}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.",
year = "2023",
doi = "10.1007/978-1-0716-3175-1_29",
language = "English",
isbn = "978-1-0716-3174-4",
series = "Methods in Molecular Biology",
publisher = "Humana Press Inc.",
pages = "441--461",
editor = "Favaloro, {Emmanuel J. } and Gosselin, {Robert C.}",
booktitle = "Hemostasis and Thrombosis",
edition = "2",
}