Why Boko Haram Exists: The Relative Deprivation Perspective

Since 2009, Boko Haram, a radical Islamist group from northeastern Nigeria, has been responsible for major attacks that have caused many deaths and destruction in Nigeria. In 2011, the group was responsible for at least 450 deaths, and up to 900 deaths in the first six months of 2012 according to the Human Rights Watch. This briefing paper provides an account of Boko Haram's origin, ideology, demands, and modus operandi. Specifically, the paper draws on the relative deprivation theory to explain why Boko Haram exists. The answer provides a clue to resolving the current problem.