Women's representation and gender gaps in political participation: Do time and success matter in a cross-national perspective?

This analysis challenges the notion that womens representation does not influence gender gaps in political participation in cross-national studies by arguing that womens representation should be measured differently. Using the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, the paper demonstrates that long-term effects of womens representation are more important than short-term measures in understanding gender gaps in a variety of political activities. The length of time since women have gained access to the political system explains gender gaps to a greater extent than the presence of women in the legislature and cabinet at one point in time. Additionally, when womens representation is measured by the presence of women politicians in cabinet, findings show that the conclusions of previous work on womens representation and political behavior may not extend beyond the US case. Finally, this study demonstrates that the type of political activities matter when analyzing the effect of womens representation.